1) Seal friction
from the seal between the air compressor chamber and the crankcase,
against the conrod, will reduce the efficiency.
2) Pumping losses, the air charge is
compressed and expanded twice but energy is only extracted for power
in one of the expansions.
3) Engine weight is likely to be high
as it will have to be very strongly built to cope with the high peak
pressures seen as a result of the rapid high temperature combustion,
and the scotch yoke/triple slipper bearing are heavier than a
conventional crankshaft.
4) Each piston pair is highly
imbalanced. This will limit the speed range and hence the power of the
engine, and increase its weight due to the strong construction
necessary to react the high forces in the components. (videos of
running engines do not appear to show imbalance)
5) High speed two-stroke
engines tend to be inefficient compared with four-strokes
because some of the intake
charge escapes unburnt with the exhaust.
6) When the charge is transferred from
the compressor chamber to the combustion chamber it will cool down,
reducing the efficiency of the engine.
7) Use of excess air will reduce the torque
available for a given engine size.
8) Forcing the exhaust out through
small ports will incur a further efficiency loss.
9) Operating an internal
combustion engine in detonation reduces efficiency due to heat
lost from the combustion gases being scrubbed against the combustion
chamber walls by the shock waves.
10) Emissions - although some tests
have shown low emissions in some circumstances, these were not
necessarily at full power. As the scavenge ratio (ie engine torque) is
increased more HC and CO will be emitted. See HCCI
engine.
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